Nigeria’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels—responsible for about 65% of its greenhouse gas emissions—has deepened the climate crisis while worsening public health and weakening essential services like healthcare and electricity. Climate change is intensifying extreme weather, spreading diseases, and placing greater strain on already fragile health and social systems, especially for vulnerable populations. At the same time, unreliable and fossil fuel–based electricity supply continues to undermine healthcare delivery, affecting everything from vaccine storage to emergency care. The factsheet highlights the urgent need for a just energy transition that expands clean, reliable power—particularly through renewable solutions like solar—while protecting workers, strengthening health systems, and ensuring equitable access to energy and healthcare for all.